Bolt machine



(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1". C. 8u C. E. HALL. BOLT MACHINE.

Patented'eb. 24, v1891.

@Witnesses (No Model.) '3 Sheets-Sheet 2 C. 8v C'. E. HALL. BOLT MACHINE.

No. 447,110. Patented Feb. 24,1891.

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(No Model.) I

C. `C'il'E 110.447,110. Patented Peb. 24, 1891.

44M www Z gw (IKM - CHARLES EDWARD HALL, citizens of the holding-jaws, and at the same time partially ihvirnn STATES ATENT Crricn.

CHARLES HALL AND CHARLES EDYARD HALL, OF NEV YORK, N. Y.

- BOLT-MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 447,110, dated February 24, 1891. Application filed May 5, 1890.. Serial No.'350.59l. (No model.)

To a/ZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, CHARLES HALL and United States, residing in the city and State of New York, have invented an Improve ment in Bolt-Machines, of which the follow-y ing is a specification.

In the manufacture of bolt-heads it has heretofore been usual to pass the heated rod into the machine, grasp the same by a pair of holding-jaws, and upset the metal to form the head. This upsetting operation is usually performed by one stroke of the punch or header, and in order to obtain the proper amount of heated metal for forming the head it has been necessary to allow the heated bolt to project a considerable distance from the holding-jaws, and sometimes this heated bolt, instead of being upset endwise and With uniformity, bends over sidewise and the head is imperfect, and frequently the Vstrain upony the metal at the junction of the head with the shank is such that the head `of the bolt breaks off.

The object of the present invention is to upset the head of the bolt by two or more successive operations by the same die and in line with the shank of the bolt in such a manner that the first blow partially fills the die .upon the header and the second blow completes the forming of lthe head, and we also arrange for removing` the fin of metal that is produced by the upsetting operation at the base of the head and between the holdingjaws, and we construct the machine in such a manner that the heated bolt will be held firmly'during the two upsetting operations which form the head, and at the third operation the attendant partially rotates the bolt to bring the fin under the head and on the shank opposite the solid portions of the releases the mechanism that acts upon the holding-jaws, so that the bolt slides through such holding-jaws, and the last operation is a more perfect finish than'that Which can be obtained in the machines heretofore constructed, and in the last operation the pressure of the heading-die is lessened, so as to prevent the formation of another fin.

In the drawings, Figure lis a plan view of the machine. Fig. 2 is an elevation with some of the parts in' section. Fig. 3 is a crosssection in larger size at the line x 0c, Fig. 2. Fig. 4E is a cross-section at the line y y, Fig. l. Fig. 5 is an elevation of the ram and holder and a section of the movin ghead-block. Fig. 6 is a plan of the head-block. Fig. 7 is an elevation of the rear end'of' the ram and ram-holder. Fig. 8 is a detached plan, partially in section, of the device for moving one of the holding-jaws; and Fig. 9 is a section at the line a' 2f, Fig. S. Figs. 5 to 9, inclusive, are in larger size;

The frameA of the machineis of any suitable size and character, and it is represented as quadrangular, and it is supported by suitable legs B. The driving-shaftCis in bea-rings 2 upon the frame A, and it is driven by suitable power, preferably by belt to the driving-pulley D. The head-block E is between the slides 3 upon the frame A, so that the same may be reciprocated longitudinally of' the machine, as usual in bolt-making machines, and there is bet-Ween the head-block E and the drivingshaft C the hinged toggle F, and upon the shaft C there is a key-tappet 4, rounding or cylindrical upon its surface, which tappet cominginto contact with the end of the hinged toggle F gives to the head-block E a movement longitudinally of the machine, and after the tappet 4 has given to the head-block and the parts actuatedby it acomplete movement in one direction the tappet separates from the end of the hinged toggle, as usual in this class of machines', and in the further movement of this key-tappet it cornes in cont-act With the return-slide G, the forward end of which is connected to the head-block E, and the tappet 4, striking against the projection 8 on this return-slide, draws the head-block and the parts therewith connected back after each heading operation. In machines of this character We have found that this return-slide G is liable to be broken, and this appears to arise from the tappet 4 striking the projection 8 and giving to the slide G and head-block E a rapid return movement, and the inertia is liable to break the slide G When the headblock E comes into contact with the shaft C IOO :not aware of the saine until the return-slide bolted lirmly into place, and it forms a guide having a trough-shaped upper surface for such return-slide G, and the upper surface of this return-slide is preferably wedge-shaped at 5, and it extends along beneath the yokepiece I and strap I', the ends of which pass 'tionis sufficient to arrest the backward movenrentof the parts and to prevent the inertia lcarrying such parts too far asthe tappet Ll passes clear from the projection S.

=I`n the machines heretofore constructed the guides that have beenprovided upon the basepiece II become rapidly worngand sometimes thebolts become loose and the attendant is G'breaks. I-n consequence of applyin ga friction by a spring to this return-slide G the `parts do not wea-r loose, because the spring sets up -such parts and renders the friction yuniOrm, so ythat the slide Gis lnot liable to bebroken, even where the rear portion of such `slide may be parallel instead of having =an inclined surface, as shown.

It is usualin bolt-machines to apply a spring 9 tolift the hinged toggle F, so that the end -of such toggle may be above the tappet 4, and `hence the driving-shaft is free to revolve with- Vout 'actuating the machine, except when the i'hinged toggle F is swung downwardly so that workman. To avoid this difiiculty we provide va hand-lever L for acting upon the lever J of vthe hinged toggle.

The lever J is pivoted at 10, and one arm extends over the hinged toggle F and the other arm is vertical, or nearly so, as shown at l1, and it is connected by a link'K tothe hand-lever L, that is pivoted at 12 rigidly upon the frame ot' the machine, and

4the parts are arranged so that when the handlever L is pressed down by the attendant the Ajoint-13 between the link K and hand-lever L passes into a straight line, or `nearly so, between the rigid pivot 12 and the joint 14: at the other end of the link K, and in doing this the lever-arm J is depressed sufficiently to bring the end of the toggle F into the path of the tappet 4c, and such hinged toggle, when it rises by the action'of the spring 9 and strikes vagainst the end of the arm J, does not aifect the hand-lever L, because the joint 13 is in a straight line to the rigid pivot 12, and the hand-lever L does not transmit any concussion to the hand of the attendant, and he can allow his hand to rest upon the lever L, ready to raise that lever instantly for stopping the machine by allowing the spring 9 to lift the hinge-toggle above the path described by the key-tappet.

The stationary holdin g-j aw lli and the moving holding-jaw N are of ordinary construction. The latter is upon the shaft 15, so that it may swing thereon in opening theholdingjaws, and these jaws are opened by any suitable spring or counter-weight, as usual in bolt -making machines, and the dies are changeable, so as to adapt the holding-jaws to different sizes of bolts. The ram-O is in line with the header P, that is received into and moved with the head-block E, and at the end of the ram is a die 16, having `a recess or cavity corresponding in shape and size to the head of the bolt, and this die is changeable for adapting the machine to different-sized bolt-heads.

The header P within the head-blockE is backed up by removable plates 17, that are introduced to compensate wear and to regulate the proximity of the end of the die 1G to the faces ot` the holding-jaws as'the head is upset. XVe add to these parts,\vhich are eo mlnon in bolt-machines, a wedge Q within the head -block E and between the removable plates 17 and such head-block, and this wedge Q is capable of receiving a vertical motion, there being a rod, preferably connected with the larger end of the wedge and extending vertically through a plate 1S upon the headblock E,and a spring 19 around this rod,acting against a nut 2O upon the rod, serves to lift the wedge when not otherwise acted upon, and there is a rod Q fastened to the smaller end of the wedge and connecting the same to the lever R, pivoted to the arm 21 below the head-block E, and we provide a treadle S, pivoted at a, and having a rearward-extending lever S', with a lifter b adjacent to. the free end of the lever R, so that when the tread-le Sis depressed the lifter bacts upon the lever R and draws down the wedge Q, so as to move the header P slightly forward to give a full movement to the ram O; but when the treadle S is released the spring 1,9 draws up the wedge and allows the header P to slide back slightly to lessen the motion given to the ram O. We introduce a set-screw 22 through the headblock E and passing into a longitudinal slot or mortise in the header P to prevent the latter becoming disengaged from the headblock, but to allow for the endwise sliding motion to such header, as aforesaid.

The ram O is supported in stationary crosspieces O', fitted with movable caps, as usual,

and in the manufacture of bolts the ram O has been forced back by the action of a spring, such as shown at T; but where the head of the bolt is pressed up very I'ull into the die IOO IIO

16 the spring T may not be sufficient to draw the die from off the head of the bolt. To avoid this difficulty we m-ake in the ram() a transverse mortise for the reception of a vertical'bar'c, at the upper end of which is a joint d for the screw-rod e, upon which is a latch-nut f, and there is a stationary fork g, through which the latch-nut f slides freely; but the fork prevents the latch-nut becoming unscrewed or changing position, and upon the head-block E is a latch 7L, which engages thelatch-nut f as the parts move forward, and as the head-block E is drawn back by the tappet 4 acting upon the return slide G the latch 7L pulls back the latch-nut fand the ram O, so as to reliably separate the die 16 from the head of the bolt,and in this movement a projection upon the latch-nut f runs over the lifter-incline i and separates the latch-nut f from the latch 7L, and the further backward movement to the ram O is given by the spring T, and the adjusting-bolt 7s becomes a stop for thevertical bar c on .the return movement, and this is to be adj usted according to the length of stock required for making the bolt-head, because the operator in supplying the heated rod passes the same in between the holding-jaws M N into the die 16, and the amount of stock upset at each motion depends upon the length of rod projecting through the holding-jaws M N and into the die 16.

If the dies heretofore described are used alone, and the holding-jaws are opened or closed by any suitable means, the head of the bolt can be made by one, two, or three strokes of the ram O. XVe find it advantageous to make the head by two strokes of the ram O, in order that the die 16 may be filled completely by the two upsetting operations, and in so doing the head will be much more solid and the shank of the bolt will always remain ceutral to the head; b ut where it is desired to remove from the under side of the bolt-head and on the shank the fin that is formed between the holding-jaws M N it is important to be able to give the bolt-rod one-quarter-of a rotation, so that the iin upon the under side ofthe bolt-head and on the shank may be brought to the smooth portions of the holding-jaws M N and be removed by the pressure resulting from a third stroke of the ram O.' If the holding-jaws M N and the die 16 exerted the same force at each movement, the attendant would be obliged to turn the bolt one-quarterof a rotation and hold the under surface of the'bolt-head against the face of the jaws M N, and the [ins would render this operation often impossible, and the closing ot' the jaws M N rmly `upon the bolt-shank would cause the head to be upset still farther and throw out larger fins, and in addition to this it would be difficult to turn the .bolt-holt by hand so accurately that it would correspond to the die 16 in the ram when such die came up against the bolt-head. le ind it therefore advantageous for the operator after the second blow has been given on the bolt-head and the die 16 has been drawn back to give to the bolt a quarter-rotation and push the head of the bolt back into the die 16 to determine its correct position, and then it may be drawn forward with the bolt-head against the jaws M N; but the holding action of the jaws M N is lessened, so that as the ram O comes up the die 16 may carry the bolt and head freely up against the face of the holding-jaws M N, such holding-jaws M N traces of iins upon the bolt shank or head resulting from the previous operations. To effect'this object we make use of wedges that serve to set up the moving jaw N sufficiently tight to clamp the bolt firmly during the upsetting operations or to lessen the pressure during` the third operation and at this time the wedge Q is moved to lessen the pressure of the die 16 on the bolt-head.

The slide-bar U is connected with the headblock E and moves with it, and this slide-bar gives motion to the moving holding-jaw N, the portion 23 ot the holding-jaw N being rounding, as seen in Fig. 8, and against this rounding portion 23 of the moving holdingjaw N the slide U might act directly by an inclined or rounded surface; but we prefer the devices hereinafter described.

Adjacent to the vertical edge of the slidebar U is a wedge V, set.- into a recess 'in the frame, and outside of that is a second Wedge W, having at one enda'rod l, passing through the frame and connected by a bent lever m upon a fulcrum n and a coi'lnecting-rod p with the treadle S, so that by the depression of the treadle S the wedge NV is moved endwise, and, acting upon the wedge V, moves the slide-bar U sufliciently toward the rounding end 23 of the holding-jawN to cause such holding-jaw N to tirmly grasp and hold thev heated rod against the jaw M, and when this treadle S is released the spring q draws up such treadle, and, through the connecting-rod p, bent lever m, and rod the wedge NV is moved backwardly, and when the slide-bar U receives its next endwise movement the holding-jaw N is brought up against the heated rod with but a slight pressure for the purposes before mentioned, and we remark that when the treadle S is released the wedge Q is drawn up by the spring 19, so that the ram O is not pressed forward so closely in the third operation, that removes the fin, as it is in the firstand second upsetting operations in making` the head.

By lessening the pressure of the die 16 upon the head of the bolt at the third operation we prevent another lin being formed at the under side of the head in consequence of the powerful pressure towhioh said head is ordinarily exposed.

'such holding-jaws M N to obliterate any IOO As there are considerable friction andhwear i between the slide-bar U and the rounding end 23 of the holding-jaw N, we prefer t'o introduce into a circular cavity in the slide-barU a roller 24, which may be of hardened steel, and its position can be changed by turning it around from time to time, and one portion ofthe surface of this roller 24 acts against the rounding end 23 of the holding-jaw N, and such roller takes a bearing within the round opening in the slide-'bar U, and in order to lessen wear upon the surface we prefer to -rotate this roller 24, so that its surface may be moving in the same direction and at the same speed as the motion given to such roller by contact with the rounding end of N, and this we accomplish by the pinion 25 upon a stud 2G, such pinion 25 being below the under side of the slide-bar U and gearinginto teeth out upon the lower end of the roller 24, and there is a stationary toothed rack 27, snpported within a recess in the frame of the machine, with which rack the teeth of the pinion 25 are in gear. I-lence as the pinion 25 and roller 24 are moved along by and with the slide U the teeth of the rack 27 rotate .this pinion 25, andalso rotate the roller 24, so

thatwhen the roller 24 comes in contact with the end 23 of the-holding-jaw the parts roll one upon the other with but little sliding or wearing action, and the holding-jaws are Vclosed rapidly and remain closed during the heading operation, because the roller 24 is moving across the straight end of the stock of the holding-jaw adjacent to the rounding portion 23 during the time that the die 16 is upsetting the metal and forming the head of the bolt.

In operating the machine the attendant introduces the heated rod between the jaws M N in the usual manner,.and by drawing down the hand-lever L the toggle F is brought into position for the tappet4 to take the end thereof and give motion to the head-block E and the slidebar U, which closes the jaws M N, and the header P comes up against the back end of the ram O, and the head is upset by the first blow. As the parts draw back, the lever L, being held down, the jaws MNopen, the rod' is pressed back with the partiallyformed head in the die lG,and the operations are repeated at thc second stroke. The attendant during both the strokes keeps his foot on the treadle S, and then for the third stroke he releases the pressure on the treadle to allow the springs 19 and q and wedge V to lessen the action of the die 1G and the grasping action of the jaws MN. The die 1G separates from the head at each backward movement, and between the first and second strokes the attendant simply pushes the partlyformed head back into `the die. Between the second `and third strokes the rod is turned a quarter-rotation and pressed back into the die, as before described, and the fin is romoved during the third stroke. The lever L is released, and the attendant cuts olf the bolt and reintroduces the heated rod, or else introduces another heated rod and places his foot on the treadle and brings down the lever L, andthe operations are repeated.

XVe are aware that in the manufacture of rounding heads for carriage-bolts such heads have been subjected to two heading operations, the metal in each instance being spread outwardly or upset from the middle to the periphery of the roundinghead. In forging bolts with square, hexagonal, octagonal, or T-shaped heads the fiat inner surface of the die which comes into contact with the end of the heated rod is liable to bend such heated rod by the end sliding upon the Hat surface. This risk does not exist in upsetting the rounding heads of carriagebolts. XVe find, therefore, that it is necessary to project the end of the heated rod a comparatively short distance for the first heading operation in order that the metal may be upset with uniformity in all directions, and we find that in this inode of making polygonal heads the exterior surfaces of the heads are smooth and uniform, and there is nothing to indicate a mark or seam between the first and second operation, and the die is filled out completely and with uniformity.

It will be understood that the pinion 25 is only introduced to give to the roller 24E-amotion in the proper direction, and that if the rack 27 was upon the .opposite side of the pinion of the roller 24 from that shown in Fig. 8, and as represented by dotted lines at 2T*, Fig. 9, the pinion 25 might be dispensed with.

If the wedge V is dispensed with, the wedge W might act directly against the vertical side of theslide-bar U, the inclines of the respective surfaces being adapted to the position of the wedge M.

In place ot' the straight wedges Q or WV, or both,.circular wedges or cams may be employed as the known equivalents for adjusting the action .of the parts.

lVe claim as our invention l. In a bolt-heading machine, the combination, with the hinged toggle, the tappet, the moving head-block, and device for raising the hinged toggle` of the lever for depressing the hinged toggle, a hand-lever upon a rigid fulcrum, and a connection therefrom to the lever that acts upon the hinged toggle, the parts being arranged substantially as specified, so that the concussion from the hinged toggleis received upon the stationary fulcrum of the hand-lever, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination,with the hinged toggle F, the spring for raising the same, and the driving-shaft C and key-tappet 4, of the lever J for acting upon such hinged toggle, t-he hand-lever L and its rigid pivot 12, and the link K, extending from the hand-lever L to the lever J, the parts being arranged, substantially as specified, so that the concussion IOO IIs.

.. n vm wof the hinged toggle F upon the lever J is received upon the rigid pivot. l2, substantially as set forth.

The combination, with the driving-shaft, the k ey-tappet, the head-block, and the hi uged toggle, of the return-slide G, having awedgeshaped surface, a yoke-piece, and a spring for pressing' the yoke-piece against the wedge-surface of the return-slide, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

l. The combination, with the ram, the headblock and the header, and means for giving motion to the head-block, of a wedge within the head-block and acting between the same and the header, aspringfor moving the wedge in one direction, and a t-readle and lever for moving the wedge in the other direction, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

5. The combination,with thehead-block and means for reciprocating the same, of the ram and die for heading a bolt, a swinging latch connected with the ram, and a latch upon the head-block for drawing back the ram and its die to separate the latter from the head of the bolt, substantially as set forth.

(. Thecombination, with the head-block and means for moving the same,of a ram and die,

a screw-rod and joint upon the ram, a latchn ut upon said screw-rod, and a latch upon the head-block, whereby the ram and die are drawn back for separating the die from the bolt-head, substantially as set forth.

7. The combination, in a bolt-machine, with the rain and die for forming the head, of the holding-jaws, a slide-bar for giving motion to the holding-jaws, and a wedge or its equivalent, anda hand-connection under the control of the workman for regulating the action of the slide-bar in giving more or less motion to the holding-jaws, substantially as set forth.

S. The combination, with the ram and die in abolt-machine, of the holding-jaws M N, the slide-barU for giving motion to the holding-jaw N, and a wedge lV, intervening between the slide-bar U and the frame of the machine for varying the action of the slidebar U upon the moving holding-jaw, substantially as set forth. A

9. The combination, with the slide-bar U, of the wedge V within a recess'in the frame and adjacent to the slide-bar, a moving wedge lV, treadle and connections for moving such wedge, and the holding-jaws M N for the boltshank, substantially as set forth.

l0. The combination, in abolt-machine, with the holding-jaws, of the slide-'barU,the roller 24, moving with such slide-bar, and the pinion and rack for giving motion to the roller as it moves in contact with the end portion of the moving holdin g-j aw, substantially as set forth.

l1. The combination, with a heading-die in a bolt-forming machine and the holding-dies for grasping the rod, of mechanism acting upon the holding-jaws for lessenin g the pressure of the holding-jaws upon the rod during the last stroke of the heading-dies and allowing the bolt to slide through them, substantially as set forth. l

12. rlhe combination, With the driving-shaft, the keytappet, hinged toggle, and head-block, of the return-slide G, the base H, supporting the same, the yoke-piece, and a spring for pressing the yoke-piece against the returnslide and applying to the same the required friction, substantially as set forth.

13. The combination, in a bolt-machine, with thc holding-jaws, of the slide-bar U, the roller 24, moving with such slide-barandhaving gear-teeth upon one end and a rack for giving motion to the roller and causing it to roll with the end portion of the movingholding-jaw, substantially as set forth.

let. The method herein specified of forming bolt-heads and removing the tin, consistingin feeding into the machine aheated rod, grasping the rod, upsetting .the metal to form ythe head by one or more blows of the headingdie, partially rotating the rod and the head to bring the tin of the metal adjacent to the smooth portion of the holding-dies, and partly releasing the pressure upon the holding-dies and against the heading-die in order that the bolt may be partly slid through the holdingdies in removing the tin and t-he pressure of the lieading-die may not produce another fin, substantially as set forth.

15. The method herein specified of forming bolt-heads, consisting in feeding into a machine a heated rod, grasping the rod and upsetting the metal to form the hea-d by two or more blows of the heading-die, and partly lessening the movement of the lieading-die during its last stroke to lessen the pressureD of such heading-die in the iinish ing operation, substantially as set forth..

IOO

1G. In amachineforheadingbolts,the combination, Wit-h a heading-die and the holdingdies, of means, substantially as specified, for lessening the pressure of the holding-dies and for lessening the pressure of the heading-die upon the head of the bolt during the last blow upon such bolt, substantially as set forth.

17. In a bolt-making machine, the combination,with the dies for grasping the rod and the heading-die, of mechanism, substantially as specied, for lessenin g the movement of the heading-die during its lasts'troke upon the bolt-head in the finishing operation, substantially as specified.

Signed by us this 1st day of May,1890.

(3l-IAS. HALL. CHARLES EDVARD HALL.

Witnesses:

Guo. T. PINCKNEY, WILLiAM G. MOTT.

IIO 

